PlainTeacher Guide

How to Read NCES Finance Data

Two federal files sit behind the salary comparison: F-33 supplies instructional salary expenditure; the CCD Staff Universe supplies district teacher headcount.

Two-source calculation

PlainTeacher covers 13,149 district records from FY2023; salary averages use 10,684 districts meeting reliability thresholds. Most salary figures divide F-33 instructional salary expenditure by a reported teacher headcount from the CCD Staff Universe Survey; only a small minority use the documented fallback.

  • 10,684 districts in salary averages, FY2023 data
  • Average national measure: $70,245

The short answer

Across 10,684 reliable districts in FY2023 (13,149 in the F-33 corpus), the average national instructional-salary measure is $70,245 -- a derived ratio, not a payroll median.

By the numbers

What the joined F-33 × Staff Universe measure shows

10,684
Districts in average
$70,245
National average measure
FY2023
Finance vintage
8
Top states charted

Highest average state salary measures

FY2023 instructional salary expenditure ÷ reported teacher FTE (reliable districts)

USD
Source NCES CCD F-33 + Staff Universe (PlainTeacher join) As of FY2023

Which NCES files does PlainTeacher use?

The F-33 Local Education Agency Finance Survey standardizes district revenue and expenditure. PlainTeacher uses its Z35-Z38 teacher-salary fields and other fields for enrollment, revenue, and spending measures. F-33 does not contain individual salary records.

The CCD Staff Universe Survey reports staffing categories, including district teacher full-time-equivalent counts. PlainTeacher joins that teacher count to the finance record by district identifier. Keeping the files separate matters: one supplies dollars; the other supplies the normal denominator.

The salary calculation

District teacher salary measure = F-33 (Z35 + Z36 + Z37 + Z38) / reported teacher FTE

When the Staff Universe file has no district-level teacher count, PlainTeacher records an estimated basis and uses enrollment divided by 15 as the fallback denominator. That exception applies to a small minority; each district page states whether its basis is reported or estimated.

Fallback measure = F-33 (Z35 + Z36 + Z37 + Z38) / (enrollment / 15)

Worked example

Suppose a hypothetical district reports $45,000,000 in Z35-Z38 teacher salary expenditure and 500 teacher FTE in the Staff Universe file:

$45,000,000 / 500 teacher FTE = $90,000 per reported teacher FTE

That $90,000 is not an individual teacher’s salary. It is an aggregate: total teacher payroll spread across every teacher FTE in the district. The calculation also says nothing about experience, credentials, benefits, contract days, or a current salary schedule.

Field reference

FieldSourceUse on PlainTeacherDo not read it as
Z35-Z38F-33Teacher salary numeratorAn individual teacher's pay
Teacher FTEStaff UniverseNormal salary denominatorOpen positions or turnover
EnrollmentCCD / F-33 recordsPer-pupil denominator and fallback inputDaily attendance
Total revenue / expenditureF-33District finance contextThe same accounting quantity

Reliability and exclusions

  • PlainTeacher labels whether reported teacher FTE or the enrollment fallback was used.
  • Salary rankings apply a published reliability range and enrollment floor.
  • Specialized non-enrolling agencies are excluded where the resulting per-teacher measure is not meaningful.
  • FY2023 describes the 2022–23 fiscal period, not current pay.
  • Cross-year movement can reflect reporting, enrollment, or agency-boundary changes as well as real spending changes.

Responsible use

Use the figures to compare records on one documented basis and to locate questions worth checking. For a current job offer, verify the district salary schedule and benefits. For a budget claim, inspect the district budget and state accounting notes. For a staffing claim, use vacancy or workforce records; the finance survey does not measure shortages.

Sources

Frequently asked questions

What is F-33?

It is the annual Local Education Agency Finance Survey. It reports standardized district revenue and expenditure, not payroll records or vacancies.

Where does teacher headcount come from?

From the NCES CCD Staff Universe Survey. A small minority without a district-level count use the documented enrollment-based fallback.

Why is the result still a derived estimate?

The numerator is aggregate instructional salary expenditure, not individual classroom-teacher payroll, and the calculation has no contract-step or employee-level detail.

According to the NCES Common Core of Data F-33 Finance Survey and Staff Universe Survey, PlainTeacher joins instructional salary expenditure to reported teacher FTE, no number is typed in by an editor. See our editorial standards & corrections policy, the methodology behind these numbers, or report a data error on this page. Data current as of FY2023.